Automatic Room Lighting System

 Automatic Room Lighting System

 Automatic Room Lighting System

Introduction:

An automatic room lighting system is a convenient and energy-efficient way to manage lighting in a room. This system uses sensors to detect the presence of people in a room and adjust the lighting accordingly. By implementing such a system, energy can be saved by turning off lights when a room is unoccupied. Here's a simple design for an automatic room lighting system using passive infrared (PIR) sensors.

Components Required:

1. Arduino Uno
2. Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensor
3. Relay Module
4. Breadboard
5. Jumper Wires
6. LED Bulb
7. 220V AC to 5V DC Power Supply

Circuit Diagram:

Working Principle:

The PIR sensor is used to detect the motion of people in the room. When it detects motion, it sends a signal to the Arduino Uno. The Arduino Uno then triggers the relay module to turn on the light. If no motion is detected for a certain period, the Arduino will turn off the light via the relay module.

Arduino Code:

cpp
// Pin Definitions 
const int pirSensorPin = 2; // PIR sensor connected to digital pin 2 
const int relayPin = 3;     // Relay module connected to digital pin 3

// Variables

int pirState = LOW;          // Variable to store PIR sensor status 
int relayState = LOW;        // Variable to store relay status 
void setup() {
  // Initialize the digital pin as an output 
pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);
  // Initialize the digital pin as an input

  pinMode(pirSensorPin, INPUT);
  // Initialize Serial Communication 
 Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  // Read PIR sensor value 
 pirState = digitalRead(pirSensorPin);

  // Check if PIR sensor is triggered

  if (pirState == HIGH) {
    // Motion detected, turn on the light 
digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH);
    relayState = HIGH;
    Serial.println("Motion Detected!");
    delay(1000); // Delay to avoid multiple detection
  } 
else {
    // No motion detected, turn off the light 
digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);
    relayState = LOW;
  }
}

Assembly:

1. Connect the PIR sensor to digital pin 2 of the Arduino Uno.
2. Connect the relay module to digital pin 3 of the Arduino Uno.
3. Connect the LED bulb to the relay module.
4. Power the Arduino Uno using a 5V power supply.
5. Place the PIR sensor in a suitable location in the room where it can detect motion effectively.

Conclusion:

An automatic room lighting system is an effective way to conserve energy and provide convenience by automatically turning on the lights when someone enters a room and turning them off when the room is vacant. This project can be extended further by integrating Bluetooth or Wi-Fi modules to control the lighting system remotely via a smartphone or computer.